Construction work: basic options and characteristics

The very concept of construction work is very voluminous, since the construction of any building requires the interaction of many organizations - design, installation, decoration. In our review, we will try to understand all types of construction activities and their classifications.

Capital and non-capital structures

This is one of the main classifications of the construction industry:

Capital buildings are built on the foundation. These include not only buildings, but also highways, bridges, aqueducts, and even oil wells.
Non-capital buildings are light temporary buildings, for the construction of which a foundation is not required. An example is the cabins, sheds, hangars, stalls.

On average, the service life of such facilities does not exceed five to seven years.

General classification of construction work

All construction work is divided into several broad categories:

general construction activities - these are the basic construction activities of the general plan - the construction of walls, pouring the foundation, installation of the roof;
transport services - delivery of equipment and materials, waste collection;
loading and unloading work - any movement of materials, equipment and personnel from transport, or to it;
special works - these include highly specialized, such as plumbing, laying of communications, installation of ventilation and others.

We will analyze these types in more detail.

General construction work

It is more correct to call this type of activity - construction and installation works. This is a multidisciplinary activity, typical for most of the facilities being built. It includes design, survey, organizational, installation work. Among all this diversity, there are about ten main types of construction and installation works:

geodetic - geo-survey and accuracy control of the geometric characteristics of the object;
preparatory - clearing the site, dismantling existing structures, erecting temporary auxiliary facilities (roads, fences, cabins, fences, powering up, laying utilities);
earthen - digging pits, compaction of the earth under the foundation, installation of drainage systems, soil pads;
stone - laying of bricks, blocks, wall decoration with various decorative materials such as natural stone;
reinforced concrete - laying reinforcement and formwork device for the foundation, erection of concrete and reinforced concrete structures;
assembly - these include work using finished parts for a particular stage of construction. For example, erection of a roof, installation of partitions;
roofing - installation of roofs, drains, dormers, hydro and vapor barrier, installation of windows in the attics;
finishing - plastering, painting, basement installation, installation of partitions, sound insulation, glazing of windows, installation of doors, pasting of walls with finishing materials, laying of ceramic tiles, whitewashing of ceilings;
insulating - can reduce heat loss, waterproof the roof and walls;
low-current - laying low-voltage power systems, where the voltage does not exceed 25 volts, and the current is minimal. Low-current work includes the installation of alarms, the laying of electrical communication cables, the installation of video surveillance systems, and various sensors.

Alternative classification

All activities for the construction of something can be divided into types of work performed in a temporary sequence. Any construction begins with design work, and then follow:

construction;
repair;
assembly;
commissioning.

Design activities include the development of a building plan, design documentation. Construction work is divided into simple and complex. The former is performed by specialists of one specialty, while the latter requires workers of different profiles and the involvement of special equipment - excavators, compressors, cranes. Repair work involves the elimination of malfunctions that arise during the work or identified at the end of it. Mounting includes all work with individual ready-made structures. Commissioning involves the installation, debugging, testing and launching of various equipment. All of these varieties have something in common and differ in many respects, but they give a general idea of how diverse and extensive the range of works on the construction of buildings and structures is.